NAXALISM- A MAOIST INSURGENCY

                     

                                                               

INDIA IS ON A URGE TO BECAME A SUPERPOWER AND A DEVELOPED NATION . THERE HAS BEEN TREMENDOUS DEVELOPMENT IN THIS FEW RECENT DECADES .HOWEVER THERE ARE SOME ISSUES WHICH ARE OBSTACLES TO BECAME A DEVELOPED NATIONS FOR EX. - JAMMU AND KASHMIR CONFLICT ,DISPUTED AREAS OF NORTH-EASTERN STATES AND THE NAXALITE INSURGENCY .

        THE ORIGIN OF NAXALISM -

• THE BIRTH IF NAXALISM IS PINPOINTED TO NAXALBARI UPRISING OF SPRING 1967. NAXALBARI , THE VILLAGE THAT GAVE ITS NAME TO THE MOVEMENT , WAS THE SITE OF A PEASANT REVOLT , INSTIGATED BY COMMUNIST LEADERS AGAINST LAND OWNERS OF THE AREA . 
• WHILE AT THIS POINT INDIA BECAME INDEPENDENT .UNDER THE BRITISH IMPERIAL SYSTEM , INDIGENOUS LANDLORDS WERE GRANTED PIECES OF LAND IN RETURN FOR THEIR COLLECTION OF TAX REVENUE AND AS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN FEUDAL SYSTEM , THESE LANDLORDS SUBLEASED THEIR LAND TO PEASANTS FOR HALF THEIR YIELD .
•  WHILE THIS EVENT REMARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE NAXALITE MOVEMENT, WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND ITS IMPORTANCE OF EMERGENCE IS A RESULT OF VARIOUS PERMUTATION AND COMBINATIONS OF COMMUNIST IDEOLOGIES IN INDIA OVER TIME.  
• NAXALITE GROUPS GENERALLY HAVE CLAIMED TO REPRESENT POOR FARMERS AND PEASANTS OF INDIAN SOCIETY AND TO ADHERE TO THE MAOIST DOCTRINE OF SUSTAINED PEASANT LED REVOLUTION.
• FOR DECADES THEY HAVE WAGED GUERILLA WARFARE AGAINST SUCH TARGETS AS LANDLORDS , BUSINESS PEOPLE,POLITICIAN AND SECURITY FORCES AND THEY HAVE DAMAGED INFRASTRUCTURES.
•  NAXALITE GROUPS HAVE CONTROL OVER LARGE AREA IN MANY OF THE STATES OF EASTERN INDIA - NOTABLY ANDHRA PRADESH, BIHAR, CHATTISGARH, JHARKHAND , ORRISA AND WEST BENGAL . 

                                                                    

CAUSES  :

• TIRBAL DISCONTENT BY GOVERNMENT:
  

1.  THE FOREST CONSERVATION ACT,1980 DEPRIVES TRIBALS ,WHO DEPENDS ON FOREST PRODUCE FOR THEIR LIVING FROM EVEN CUTTING A BARK.
2. MASSIVE PROBLEM FOR NAXALITE PEOPLES DISPLACEMENT IS DUE TO DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ,MINING OPERATIONS AND OTHER REASONS.

• GAPS IN LINKS WITH GOVERNMENT AND NAXALITE:

1. GOVERNMENT MEASURING ITS SUCCESS ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF VIOLENT ATTACKS RATHER DEVELOPMENT DONE IN THE NAXAL AFFECTED AREAS.
2. NOT PRESENT OF TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE TO FIGHT .
3. SOME VILLAGES ARE NOT YET CONNECTED PROPERLY WITH COMMUNICATION WORKS . 

• NO FOLLOW UP FROM ADMINISTRATION : 

1. IF THE POLICE OR PARAMILITARY FIGHTS WITH THEM OR MAKES  THEM UNDERSTAND THEM BUT THE ADMINISTRATION FAILS TO PROVIDE ESSENTIAL SERVICES TO PEOPLE OF THAT REGION. 
2. STATE GOVERNMENT CONSIDERS NAXALISM TO BE CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS ISSUE AND THUS ARE NOT TAKING INITIATIVES TO FIGHT IT .
   

        POLITICAL SUPPORT AND EFFECT ON NATION :

•  THE CREATION OF COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (CPI) IN 1925 CONSOLIDATED THE PRESENCE OF COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY IN WHOLE COUNTRY . 
• THEN  AFTER SOMETIME , THE MERGER OF THE PEOPLE'S WAR GROUP AND MOIST COMMUNIST CENTER IN 2004 RESULTED IN THE CREATION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA-MOIST (CPI-Maoist )AND ARMED WING , THE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION GUERILLA ARMY (PLGA) AND AN UPSURGE IN LEFT WING EXTREMISM RELATED VIOLENCE .
• IT SI CONSIDERED THAT NAXALS SUPPORT MAOIST POLITICAL SENTIMENTS AND IDEOLOGY  MAOISM IS A FORM OF COMMUNISM OF ARMED INSURGENCY ,MASS MOBILIZATION AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
  
• NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT IN INDIA CONSISTENTLY HAVE LABELED NAXALITE GROUP AS TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS AND DECLARED THEM ILLEGAL.THE ORIGINAL CPI-ML HAS NOT OPERATED AS A LEGAL POLITICAL PARTY AND THE MORE RECENT COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA MAOIST HAS BEEN OUTLAWED.
• POLICE AND SECURITY FORCES HAVE RESPONDED TO NXALITE WITH VARIOUS RAIDS AND MILITARY CAMPAIGNS AIMED AT COUNTERACTING THE GUERILLA ATTACKS AND FLUSHING THE REBELS OUT OF THEIR SANCTUARIES.
• THOSE OPERATIONS HAVE HAS MIXED SUCCESS , WHILE FIGHTING FREQUENTLY HAS REVERTED TO GOVERNMENT AND NAXALITE SIDES EACH RETALIATING AGAINST THE OTHER . THOUSANDS OF PEOPLES HAVE BEEN KILLED DURING THE DECADES OF INSURGENCY AND TEN THOUSANDS HAVE FLED THE FIGHTING TO BECOME REFUGEES.

                                    

WHAT CAN WE DO AND GOVERNMENT :

• WE CAN CREATE AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS FOR THEM BY VISITING THOSE AFFECTED AREAS , PROVIDING THEM CLOTHES , FOOD , UNDERSTANDING THEM AND TALKING WITH HIGHER OFFICIALS ABOUT THEIR PRIMITIVE DEMANDS.
• EDUCATING THEIR CHILDREN  AND EDUCATING THEM ALSO SO THAT THEY CAN UNDERSTAND ALL SYSTEMS AND MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND  THEIR RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEACE.
• OPERATION GREEN HUNT : IT WAS STARTED IN 2010 AND MASSIVE DEPLOYMENT OF SECURITY FORCES WAS DINE IN NAXAL- AFFECTED AREAS .
• THE GOVERNMENT EVEN STARTED '' RELIEF AND REHABILITATION POLICY"  FOR BRINGING NAXALITES INTO MAINSTREAM.
• "ASPIRATIONAL DISTRICT PROGRAMME " LAUNCHED IN 2018 , IT AIMS TO RAPIDLY TANSFROM THE DISTRICTS THAT HAVE SHOWN RELATIVELY LESSER PROGRESS IN KEY SOCIAL AREAS.
• GOVERNMENT NEEDS TO ENSURE SECURITY OF PEACE LOVING PEOPLE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAXALISM AFFECTED REGIONS. 

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